MIL-STD-398A
3. DEFINITIONS
3.1 Deflagration. A rapid chemical reaction in which the output of heat is sufficient to enable the reaction to proceed and be accelerated without input of heat from another source. Deflagration is a surface phenomenon with the reaction products flowing away from the
unreacted material at subsonic velocity. The effect of a true deflagration under confinement is an explosion. Confinement of the reaction increases pressure, rate of reaction and temperature, and may cause transition into a detonation.
3.2 Detonation. A violent chemical reaction within a chemical compound or mechanical mixture evolving heat and pressure. A detonation is a reaction which proceeds through the reacted material toward the unreacted material at a supersonic velocity. The result of the chemical reaction is exertion of extremely high pressure on the surrounding medium forming a propagating shock wave which is originally of supersonic velocity. A detonation, when the material is located on or near the surface of the ground, is normally characterized by a crater.
3.3 Dividing wall. A wall designed to prevent, control, or delay propagation of an explosion between quantities of explosives on opposite sides of the wall.
3.4 Maximum credible incident. An incident involving the maximum amount of ammunition and explosives within or adjacent to an operational shield that will detonate of deflagrate as a result of the functioning of a single item.
3.5 Operating building. Any structure, except a magazine, in which operations pertaining to manufacturing, processing, loading, or assembling of explosives and ammunition are performed.
3.6 Operational environment. Typical environment in which ammunition surveillance, maintenance, modification, renovation, and demilitarization operations, or ammunition loading operations, are performed.
3.7 Operational shield. A barrier or enclosure constructed to protect personnel, material or equipment from the effects of a maximum credible incident occurring at a particular operation.
3.8 Peak positive incident pressure (Pso). The pressure acting in the initial or incident blast (or shock) wave from an explosion.
3.9 Peak positive normal reflected pressure (Pr). The total pressure which results instantaneously at the surface when a blast (or shock) wave traveling in one medium strikes another medium.
3.10 Simulated operational bay environment. An environment which simulates an operational bay configuration including dividing walls, frangible front wall and ceiling, transient hall, adjacent bay(s), and actual or simulated equipment.
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