MIL-STD-398A
4.1.3 Thermal effects attenuation.
a. Shields shall be designed to limit exposure of personnel to a critical heat flux value based on the total time of exposure. Per DoDM 6055.019-M (current edition) thermal fluxes to prevent the onset of second-degree burns (heat fluxes and exposure times experienced by personnel should be less than that given by the equation t=200q-1.46 where "t" is the time in seconds that a person is exposed and "q" is the received heat flux in kilowatts (kW) per m2).
b. All operating personnel shall be located at a distance from the shield that assures their exposure is less than the flux determined by the above equation.
4.1.4 Asset protection. Shields shall be designed to provide asset protection as specified in the following:
a. Shields designed for intentional detonation. Shields identified in this category shall prevent damage to buildings, equipment and other assets in the area. Damage prevention is considered adequate if normal operations are in no way interrupted or hindered as a result of any change to the operational environment caused by explosions occurring with this type of shield, and shield may be expected to remain operational throughout its intended life cycle as specified in design criteria. Repetitive testing will normally be required.
b. Shields designed for accidental explosions. Shields identified in this category shall be designed primarily to provide personnel protection from a maximum credible incident at that operation and may not, in all cases, provide asset protection.
4.2 Test. Prototype operational shields shall be tested by creating a maximum credible incident in a simulated operational environment, using applicable test methods to determine compliance with design requirements of this standard.
4.2.1 Maximum credible incident. A maximum credible incident shall be created by detonating or igniting a test round(s) or item(s), with both the round(s) or item(s) and the shield in the operational configuration. Equipment, or a reasonable simulation thereof, which performs the intended function on the munition shall be used to simulate the operation. Shields designed for use with a variety of rounds having different explosive attributes shall be tested with the round(s) which produce most severe effects in each of the following categories: overpressure or noise, fragmentation, thermal and shape charge. For each separate test required, the shield and associated equipment shall be repaired to the equivalent of new condition, or a new shield and equipment shall be used, except for shields designed for intentional detonations. Additional
explosive, equivalent to 25 percent of the filler in the test round(s), should be applied in each test conducted. The 25 percent overcharge shall be applied in such a manner as not to diminish the normal effect and response of the ammunition. If it can be determined that addition of the safety overcharge would diminish the normal effect of the ammunition, the shield may be tested
without the safety overcharge, if approved by authorized authority. All explosive components should be fuzed separately to insure simultaneous detonation or deflagration, and thus create the maximum credible potential incident.
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